Dude,
that doohicky is just a bellcrank that uses the Honda pushbutton cylinder to push on the one end of the lever (part . This is connected through the 1/4" bolt as an axle to part C (which seems to be missing the hole for the pushrod), which is where your pushrod goes down to the door latch. Only problem is, my doorlock doesn't directly connect to a pushrod! It doesn't match the diagrams in my Haynes book. Instead the lock cylinder has an arm that goes into a slot connected to the pushrod. So I would first have to replace the whole doorlatch, probably, or at least the cylinder mechanism to the kind with the pushrod.
About getting locked out: Why not just go through the back door? Also, on my car, you have to lock the door from the outside using the key; more lockout protection.