OK, in a nutshell this is how a tuned pipe on a two stroke works in laymans terms. There is more to it but this is just so you can understand the principles. First the pipe is made up of several parts, and altering any of these will change the power output, as well as the powerband. The header(the part that bolts to the cylinder) The diffuser (taper towards the belly), the belly (the fat part of the pipe), the reflector(the taperd cone part at the end of the belly), the stinger (the small pipe at the end of the cone that goes to the muffler).
The tuned pipe opperates on sound, and pressure waves. sice the engine has no valves, just ports in the cylinder walls, there is some unburnt fuel that exits the exhaust ports into the pipe with the exhaust, but the unburnt part exits after the burnt fuel. when the exhaust hits the reflector(cone) it pushes back, forcing all the unburnt fuel back into the cylinder just before the piston closes the exhaust port craeting a supercharging type of effect. They are tuned for opperating temperatures. Generally snomobile exhaust is tuned for a certain RPM (narrow) because they opperate in a narrow band well (CVT transmission), and more power is attainable this way, and with the CVT there are not many drivability concerns.